Purpose: To highlight diagnostic challenges in patients with acquired vitelliform macular degeneration (AVMD) with subretinal fluid (SRF) and to examine the characteristics of image findings in patients with AVMD. Methods: In this retrospective review, the electronic medical record of 22 eyes of 16 patients with AVMD was studied. The rates of SRF, drusen, pigment epithelial detachment (PED), and patient clinical information such as age, length of follow-up, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed. Results: The mean age at diagnosis with AVMD was 72 years with a mean follow-up time of 29 months. Median BCVA 20/33 at presentation and 20/33 at final follow-up. Drusen was found in 13 of 22 eyes (59. 1%), PEDs in 4 of 22 eyes (18. 2%), and SRF in 10 of 22 eyes (45. 5%) at some point during their follow-up. Of the 10 eyes with SRF, 70% were center involving, and recurrence occurred in 40%, all in the same location as the initial presentation of SRF. Three eyes received an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection for SRF. In 66% of cases receiving an injection, the fluid later relapsed and remitted without further injections during the course of follow-up. Conclusion: AVMD occurs in the same demographic as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and has many common features. SRF in AVMD tends to be center involving and recurs usually in the same location as its origin. The use of anti-VEGF injections did not seem to improve SRF in contrast to the SRF seen in wet AMD. Proper differentiation of AVMD may prevent unnecessary long-term treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.

We present the ophthalmic findings of a 57-yearold female with pseudoxanthoma elasticum who was initially diagnosed in her 20s after a biopsy of abnormal neck lesions. She began to develop visual problems decades later, but currently has no other related medical problems, including any evidence of coronary artery disease. Our patient complained of bilateral metamorphopsia but with preserved visual acuity of 20/25 in both eyes. In addition to the angioid streaks, the patient also had evidence of pigmentary changes at the posterior pole [Figures 1A–, 1B]. Optical coherence tomography imaging [Figures 1C–, 1F] revealed the presence of bilateral subretinal fluid, shaggy photoreceptors, and intraretinal hyperreflective material concentrated within the outer retina that was stable for five years [Figures 1 E & 1F]...

Purpose: To report the effect of topical bromfenac, a non-steroidal anti‑ inflammatory drug (NSAID), in a case of neovascular age‑ related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: An 85‑ year‑ old woman presented with a complaint of visual acuity reduction in the right eye. Comprehensive ophthalmological examination and retinal imaging were performed. Results: Best corrected visual acuity was 2/100. Fundus examination showed reticular pseudodrusen and a small hemorrhage in the fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed an active neovascular membrane. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD‑ OCT) confirmed diagnosis and revealed subretinal and intraretinal fluid. The patient refused recommended intravitreal anti‑ vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and received topical bromfenac 0. 09% twice daily. Follow‑ up with SD‑ OCT showed subretinal followed by intraretinal fluid reduction at 16 weeks after treatment. Conclusion: Short‑ term reduction of subretinal and intraretinal fluid was observed with topical bromfenac monotherapy in neovascular AMD.

In this work, we investigate the the problem of an unsteady tank drainage while considering an isothermal and incompressible Ellis fluid. Exact solution is gotten for a resulting non-linear PDE (partial differential equation)-subject to proper boundary conditions-. The special cases such as Newtonian, Power law, and as well as Bingham solution are retrieved from this suggested model of Ellis fluid. Expressions for velocity profile, shear stress on the pipe, volume flux, average velocity, and the relationship between the time vary with the depth of a tank and the time required for complete drainage are obtained. Impacts of different developing parameters on velocity profile vz and depth H(t) are illustrated graphically. The analogy of the Ellis, power law, Newtonian, and Bingham Plastic fluids for the relation of depth with respect to time, unfold that the tank can be empty faster for Ellis fluid as compared to its special cases.